Native-Like Korean Honorifics Usage Pt2

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Β 

이름 name β†’ 성함

μ§‘ house β†’ 댁

생일 birthday β†’ 생신

λ°₯ meal(rice) β†’ 식사/μ§„μ§€

μ‚¬λžŒ person β†’ λΆ„

λ‚˜μ΄ age β†’ μ—°μ„Έ

말 words β†’ 말씀

Β 

μ˜ˆμ•½ν•˜μ‹  λΆ„ 성함이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λ‚˜μš”? What name is the reservation under?

λŒ€ν‘œλ‹˜ 생신 μΆ•ν•˜λ“œλ €μš”. κΈ°λ…μœΌλ‘œ 같이 저녁 μ‹μ‚¬ν• κΉŒμš”? Happy birthday president. How about we celebrate with dinner?

제 μ˜κ²¬μ— λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 뢄은 손을 λ“€μ–΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”. Please raise your hand if any one disagrees with me.

Conjugation of 말씀 말씀 is often used as honorific verbs λ§μ”€ν•˜λ‹€ or λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€, which means β€œto talk”. As you can see λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€ is formed with 말씀 and ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€, the honorific suffix that means β€œto do”. The interesting thing is that 말씀 can be also used as humble form, when you refer to yourself in polite situations. Also it can be used as a verb – λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€, 말씀 plus λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€, the suffix that means a polite act. 말씀 + ν•˜λ‹€/ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€ β†’ λ§μ”€ν•˜λ‹€/λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€ to talk (honorific) 말씀 + λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€ β†’ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€ to talk (humble)

μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μˆ˜μ—… 마치고 λ°”λ‘œ 집에 가라고 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.

My teacher told me to go straight home after class.

μ„ μƒλ‹˜ λ§μ”€λŒ€λ‘œ μˆ˜μ—… 마치고 λ°”λ‘œ 집에 κ°”μ–΄μš”.

As my teacher told me to, I went straight home after the class.

더 이상 λ“œλ¦΄ 말씀이 μ—†μ–΄μš”.

I have no words to say. μ†”μ§ν•˜κ²Œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ €λ„ λ κΉŒμš”?

May I put it straightforwardly?

Family Titles I guess you know how to call your family members in Korean.

Also we already learned the suffix -λ‹˜ last time.

Simply add -λ‹˜ after words to make honorific family titles.

할아버지 grandfather β†’ ν• μ•„λ²„λ‹˜

ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ grandmother β†’ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ

아버지 father β†’ μ•„λ²„λ‹˜

μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆ mother β†’ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹˜

ν˜• a man’s older brother β†’ ν˜•λ‹˜

λˆ„λ‚˜ a man’s older sister β†’ λˆ„λ‹˜

였빠 a woman’s older brother β†’ μ˜€λΌλ²„λ‹ˆ

μ–Έλ‹ˆ a woman’s older sister β†’ ν˜•λ‹˜

μ•„λ“€ son β†’ μ•„λ“œλ‹˜

λ”Έ daughter β†’ λ”°λ‹˜

See? Every title ends with -λ‹˜ except the honorific form of 였빠, μ˜€λΌλ²„λ‹ˆ.

These titles are usually used to refer to other people’s family members, not your own.

For example, you address your father as 아버지, not μ•„λ²„λ‹˜. μ•„λ²„λ‹˜ and μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹˜ are often used to address your father in law and mother in law. You may have heard these titles in Korean dramas a lot.

ν• λ¨Έλ‹˜ 건강은 μ–΄λ– μ„Έμš”? How is your grandmother’s health?

μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹˜κ»˜ 제 인사 μ „ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”. Please send my regards to your mother.

λ”°λ‹˜μ˜ κ²°ν˜Όμ„ μΆ•ν•˜ν•΄μš”. Congratulations on your daughter’s wedding.

Speech levels There are 7 speech levels in total in the Korean language.

Don’t worry. We are not going to dig into all those, and we don’t need to. Some of the levels are hardly used these days. Each Korean speech level has its unique set of verb endings which are used to indicate the level of formality of a situation. Technically, higher speech level does not mean honorifics. Honorifics are used to show respect towards someone mentioned in a sentence, but speech levels are used to show respect towards listers, or reflect the formality of the situation. Still, I recommend following higher speech levels when you use honorifics. ν•΄μš”μ²΄(Casually polite): ends with -μš” ν•΄μš” β†’ ν•˜μ„Έμš” This conversational style is most common nowadays in Korea. Most Korean textbooks for foreigners follow this speech style. Simply add -μš” at the end of basic conjugations. This style is used between colleagues and in any daily conversation. You can use this to strangers, shop clerks, any people you meet in daily life. This style is casual, still fairly high in the politeness level. κΈΈ μ’€ 물어봐도 λ κΉŒμš”? May I ask for directions? μˆ˜ν˜„ 씨 집에 λ†€λŸ¬κ°€λ„ λΌμš”? μˆ˜ν˜„, Is it okay to visit your home? ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό 쑰금 ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”. I can speak a little Korean. ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€μ²΄(Formally polite): ends with -γ…‚λ‹ˆλ‹€ ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€ This conversational style is very formal. Your Korean friend would be surprised if you use ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€μ²΄. It is used by TV announcers, in public speeches and between strangers at the start of a conversation. How do you say β€œIt is nice to meet you” in Korean? Yes, it is λ§Œλ‚˜μ„œ λ°˜κ°‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. This style is also used to colleagues in more formal settings and to customers. 방금 λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ 속보λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. We have some breaking news. ν•œκ΅­ 방문을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€! Welcome to Korea! λ°°μ†‘λΉ„λŠ” κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•˜μ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. You’ll be charged for shipping.

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