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Β
μ΄λ¦ name β μ±ν¨
μ§ house β λ
μμΌ birthday β μμ
λ°₯ meal(rice) β μμ¬/μ§μ§
μ¬λ person β λΆ
λμ΄ age β μ°μΈ
λ§ words β λ§μ
Β
μμ½νμ λΆ μ±ν¨μ΄ μ΄λ»κ² λλμ? What name is the reservation under?
λνλ μμ μΆνλλ €μ. κΈ°λ μΌλ‘ κ°μ΄ μ λ μμ¬ν κΉμ? Happy birthday president. How about we celebrate with dinner?
μ μ견μ λ°λνμλ λΆμ μμ λ€μ΄ μ£ΌμΈμ. Please raise your hand if any one disagrees with me.
Conjugation of λ§μ λ§μ is often used as honorific verbs λ§μνλ€ or λ§μνμλ€, which means βto talkβ. As you can see λ§μνμλ€ is formed with λ§μ and νμλ€, the honorific suffix that means βto doβ. The interesting thing is that λ§μ can be also used as humble form, when you refer to yourself in polite situations. Also it can be used as a verb β λ§μλ리λ€, λ§μ plus λ리λ€, the suffix that means a polite act. λ§μ + νλ€/νμλ€ β λ§μνλ€/λ§μνμλ€ to talk (honorific) λ§μ + λλ¦¬λ€ β λ§μλλ¦¬λ€ to talk (humble)
μ μλκ»μ μμ λ§μΉκ³ λ°λ‘ μ§μ κ°λΌκ³ λ§μνμ ¨μ΄μ.
My teacher told me to go straight home after class.
μ μλ λ§μλλ‘ μμ λ§μΉκ³ λ°λ‘ μ§μ κ°μ΄μ.
As my teacher told me to, I went straight home after the class.
λ μ΄μ λ릴 λ§μμ΄ μμ΄μ.
I have no words to say. μμ§νκ² λ§μλλ €λ λ κΉμ?
May I put it straightforwardly?
Family Titles I guess you know how to call your family members in Korean.
Also we already learned the suffix -λ last time.
Simply add -λ after words to make honorific family titles.
ν μλ²μ§ grandfather β ν μλ²λ
ν λ¨Έλ grandmother β ν λ¨Έλ
μλ²μ§ father β μλ²λ
μ΄λ¨Έλ mother β μ΄λ¨Έλ
ν a manβs older brother β νλ
λλ a manβs older sister β λλ
μ€λΉ a womanβs older brother β μ€λΌλ²λ
μΈλ a womanβs older sister β νλ
μλ€ son β μλλ
λΈ daughter β λ°λ
See? Every title ends with -λ except the honorific form of μ€λΉ , μ€λΌλ²λ.
These titles are usually used to refer to other peopleβs family members, not your own.
For example, you address your father as μλ²μ§, not μλ²λ. μλ²λ and μ΄λ¨Έλ are often used to address your father in law and mother in law. You may have heard these titles in Korean dramas a lot.
ν λ¨Έλ 건κ°μ μ΄λ μΈμ? How is your grandmotherβs health?
μ΄λ¨Έλκ» μ μΈμ¬ μ ν΄μ£ΌμΈμ. Please send my regards to your mother.
λ°λμ κ²°νΌμ μΆνν΄μ. Congratulations on your daughterβs wedding.
Speech levels There are 7 speech levels in total in the Korean language.
Donβt worry. We are not going to dig into all those, and we donβt need to. Some of the levels are hardly used these days. Each Korean speech level has its unique set of verb endings which are used to indicate the level of formality of a situation. Technically, higher speech level does not mean honorifics. Honorifics are used to show respect towards someone mentioned in a sentence, but speech levels are used to show respect towards listers, or reflect the formality of the situation. Still, I recommend following higher speech levels when you use honorifics. ν΄μ체(Casually polite): ends with -μ ν΄μ β νμΈμ This conversational style is most common nowadays in Korea. Most Korean textbooks for foreigners follow this speech style. Simply add -μ at the end of basic conjugations. This style is used between colleagues and in any daily conversation. You can use this to strangers, shop clerks, any people you meet in daily life. This style is casual, still fairly high in the politeness level. κΈΈ μ’ λ¬Όμ΄λ΄λ λ κΉμ? May I ask for directions? μν μ¨ μ§μ λλ¬κ°λ λΌμ? μν, Is it okay to visit your home? νκ΅μ΄λ₯Ό μ‘°κΈ ν μ μμ΄μ. I can speak a little Korean. νμμμ€μ²΄(Formally polite): ends with -γ λλ€ νλ€ β νμλλ€ This conversational style is very formal. Your Korean friend would be surprised if you use νμμμ€μ²΄. It is used by TV announcers, in public speeches and between strangers at the start of a conversation. How do you say βIt is nice to meet youβ in Korean? Yes, it is λ§λμ λ°κ°μ΅λλ€. This style is also used to colleagues in more formal settings and to customers. λ°©κΈ λ€μ΄μ¨ μ보λ₯Ό λ§μλλ¦¬κ² μ΅λλ€. We have some breaking news. νκ΅ λ°©λ¬Έμ νμν©λλ€! Welcome to Korea! λ°°μ‘λΉλ κ³ κ°λκ»μ λΆλ΄νμ μΌ ν©λλ€. Youβll be charged for shipping.
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