user guide 은/는/이/가 Korean Particles

Topic markers: –은/는

은/는 is placed right after a noun, which is the topic of the sentence. 

‘은’ is used with the word ends with 받침, final consonant, while ‘는’ is used with the word ends with a vowel.

For example,

내 이름은 수현이에요. My name is Suhyun.

나는 수현이에요. I am Suhyun. 

이름 ends with consonant ㅁ, so you put 은; 이름은, because it is hard to pronounce ‘는’ right after a consonant.

Try yourself, 이름은 vs 이름는. Feel the difference?

On the other hand, 나 ends with just a vowel ㅏ, so 는 comes after; 나는.

Let’s get back to the meaning of 은/는. 은/는 indicates the topic of the sentence, shows you what is being talked about.

나는 한국인이에요. I am Korean.

내 책은 예뻐요. My book is pretty.

한국어는 재미있어요. Korean language is interesting.

나는 선생님이에요. I am a teacher.

이것은 내 스마트폰이에요. This is my smartphone.

When you say 은/는 in sentence, the listener will know what topic you are going to talk about even you don’t finish the sentence. 

Also, 은/는 is used to express contrast or opposite meaning.

For example, if someone asks, 

소주 좋아해요?, Do you like soju?

And you answer, 

맥주는 좋아해요. I (only) like beer. (I don’t like soju.)

It means you don’t like soju, and you only like beer. 

Here’s another question: 

한국에 간 적 있어요? Have you ever been to Korea?

서울은 가 봤어요. I have (only) been to Seoul.

It means you have been to Seoul in Korea, but not Busan, Jeju, or Suwon. 

Let’s say you are going somewhere to eat with your friend. And you friend says

나 비빔밥 먹고 싶어. I want to eat Bibimbap.

But your answer is:

나는 불고기 먹고 싶어. I want to eat Bulgogi (not Bibimbap).

It means you don’t want to eat Bibimbap, you want to eat Bulgogi. 

As you can learn from these example, 은/는 is used to emphasize the contrast. 

Subject markers: –이/가

As for the subject makers 이/가, they are placed right after a subject. 

Just like 은/는, 이 is used with the word ends with a consonant, 가 is used with the word ends with a vowel.

For example,

그 책 제목이 뭐예요? What is the title of that book?

취미가 뭐예요? What is your hobby?

이/가 shows you the direct subject of the verb used in the sentence, so usually 이/가 shows you the answer to who/what/which do or did it.

For example,

누가 이 김치 만들었어요? Who made this kimchi?

내가 만들었어요. I made it.

What is the verb in this sentence? It’s make, 만들다.

And who made 김치? “I” did it. So we use “가”.

So we learned the basic concept of 은/는/이/가. 

But what if they are used in one sentence?

For example,

저는 일본인이 아니에요. I am not Japanese.

In this sentence, main topic is “I”, so we use “는”, “when it comes to me”, 

And here comes the answer “what” that “am not Japanese”, so we use “이”. 

 I hope this video helps you to get a grasp on 은/는/이/가. We all know ‘practice makes perfect’, let’s keep practicing the sentences we’ve learned today. And eventually you’ll be able to understand the difference.

Thank you for watching.